October 02, 2024

Blunders in International Estate Planning

October 02, 2024/ Ruchelman P.L.L.C.

Trust & estate lawyers who dabble infrequently in cross border matters, take notice! It is relatively easy to lose your way when advising a non-U.S. person with assets in the U.S. Shortcuts that work when clients and properties are located in the same jurisdiction may lead to horrific problems when clients are domiciled in one jurisdiction and property is located in another. Examples are (A) drafting two wills where each revokes the other, (B) allowing an individual having a foreign domicile to directly own financial assets in the U.S., such as shares of publicly traded stock or mutual funds, can result in unanticipated estate tax and long delays before heirs have access to the assets, (C) not knowing which I.R.S. information reporting forms must be filed when a new client is a recent arrival from abroad can yield significant penalties for the client, (D) allowing a resident, non-citizen individual to return to the home country is an invitation to unnecessary U.S. estate tax if the client retains investment assets and real property in the U.S., and (E) not noticing inconsistencies in residuary clauses in a principal will drafted in the home country and a U.S. property only will drafted in the U.S. begs for a will fight. Diane K. Roskies, a principal in the New York office of the Offit Kurman law firm, and Zachary Weitz, an attorney in the Los Angeles office of the same firm, explain the severe problems that may be encountered, but do so in a light hearted manner.

May 31, 2024

Information Reporting on Foreign Trusts and Gifts – New Regulations

May 31, 2024/ Ruchelman P.L.L.C.

On May 8th, the Treasury Department and the I.R.S. proposed regulations regarding information reporting in the context of U.S. persons, foreign trusts, and gifts from non-U.S. persons. When adopted in final form, they will affect (i) U.S. persons who engage in transactions with, or are treated as the owners of, foreign trusts and (ii) U.S. persons who receive large gifts or bequests from foreign persons. The scope of the proposed regulations is broad, and many existing regulations are affected. Wooyoung Lee and Stanley C. Ruchelman take a deep dive addressing specific regulatory provisions that are affected. Many “open doors” that currently exist have been closed. The authors tell all, linking explanations in the preamble to the proposed regulations with specific regulations in the proposal.

April 01, 2024

U.K. Budget Proclaims Death Knell For Remittance Basis Taxation

April 01, 2024/ Ruchelman P.L.L.C.

As was widely anticipated, the Chancellor of the U.K. used his budget speech on March 6 to announce the termination of the non-domicile regime and remittance basis of taxation effective April 12, 2025. In its place, a new foreign income and gains (“F.I.G.”) regime will be available for individuals who become U.K. tax resident after a period of 10 tax years of nonresident status. Individuals who qualify for the new regime will be able to bring F.I.G. to the U.K. free from any U.K. tax for up to four years. Current non-doms who cannot qualify for the F.I.G. regime can benefit from a 50% deduction on remittances through April 5, 2026. Kevin Offer, C.A., a partner of Hardwick and Morris L.L.P., London, explains these and other provisions that will apply as the U.K. enters a brave new world.

May 27, 2021

The 15 Most Important Questions That Should Be Asked When Estate Planning for a Foreign Parent with U.S. Children

May 27, 2021/ Ruchelman P.L.L.C.

· U.S. estate tax planning is said to be among the most complicated aspect of tax planning because of the numerous moving parts and the changing needs and objectives of the family. The exercise becomes complicated when the client is not a U.S. person, but the heirs live in the U.S. and have started families in the U.S. For an estate planner with a focus on domestic clients, the customary tools may not work. It is easy to know what you know, but not always easy to know what you don’t know. Neha Rastogi and Stanley C. Ruchelman ask and answer 15 questions that highlight the favorable and unfavorable provisions of U.S. tax law affecting nonresident, non-citizen individuals having U.S. persons as heirs.

February 29, 2016

A Concise Guide to Acquisition Vehicles for Purchase of U.S. Real Estate by Foreign Individuals

February 29, 2016/ Web Admin

Question: How many ways are there to structure an investment in U.S. real property by a foreign person? Answer: Many. Nina Krauthamer describes five.

June 01, 2015

The US Net Investment Income Tax→

June 01, 2015/ Web Admin

First published by the Canadian Tax Foundation in (2015) 23:6 Canadian Tax Highlights.

January 15, 2015

Filing Requirements Upon Conversion of a Trust Between Foreign and Domestic Status

January 15, 2015/ Web Admin

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INTRODUCTION

Whether a trust is categorized as a U.S. domestic trust or a foreign trust leads to different tax consequences and different filing obligations. This leads to the following questions: Which tax return must be filed when a trust is converted from a U.S. domestic trust to a foreign trust, and which applies when a foreign trust is converted to a U.S. domestic trust? A Chief Counsel Advice Memorandum, C.C.A. 201432022 issued on August 8, 2014, provides guidance on filing requirements in these fact patterns. Though it stated the obvious, the C.C.A. still leaves questions open, in particular with respect to grantor trusts. This article summarizes the conclusion reached by the C.C.A. and addresses issues for which clarification was not provided.

C.C.A. 201432022

In approaching the issue, the C.C.A. began by outlining the rules under which the filing status of a trust is determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

U.S. Trust versus Foreign Trust – General Tax Rules

Domestic trusts, like U.S. citizens and residents, are taxed on worldwide income, whereas foreign trusts, like nonresident aliens, are taxed only on U.S.-source income and income effectively connected with the conduct of business in the United States.

June 15, 2014

Tax 101: Taxation of Foreign Trusts

June 15, 2014/ Web Admin

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INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS A FOREIGN TRUST?

In General

A trust is a relationship (generally a written agreement) created at the direction of an individual (the settlor), in which one or more persons (the trustees) hold the individual's property, subject to certain duties, to use and protect it for the benefit of others (the beneficiaries). In general, the term “trust” as used in the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) refers to an arrangement created either by a will or by an inter vivos declaration whereby trustees take title to property for the purpose of protecting or conserving it for the beneficiaries under the ordinary rules applied in chancery or probate courts.

Trusts can be characterized as grantor trusts or ordinary trusts. Ordinary trusts can be characterized as simple trusts or complex trusts; U.S. tax laws have special definitions for these concepts. A simple trust is a trust that is required to distribute all of its annual income to the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries cannot be charitable. A complex trust is an ordinary trust which is not a simple trust, i.e., a trust that may accumulate income, distribute corpus, or have charitable beneficiaries. Ordinary trusts are “hybrid” entities, serving as a conduit for distributions of distributable net income (“D.N.I.”), a concept defined in the Code,52 to beneficiaries and receiving a deduction for D.N.I. distributions, while being taxed on other income (e.g., accumulated income, income allocated to corpus).

A trust can be domestic or foreign. This article will focus on the U.S. tax consequences with respect to “foreign grantor trusts” (“F.G.T.”) and “foreign nongrantor trusts” (“F.N.G.T.”).